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The development of the suburb 1850-1914
Most of the land in the east lay undeveloped and ripe for colonisation by the upper middle classes. The first middle class estate to be laid out was Park Town, built on former New College land between 1853 and 1860. This estate was very formally arranged. Its centre piece was a grand crescent arranged around central gardens, reminiscent of Bath, Cheltenham and the London square. The emphasis was on symmetry, elegance and order.
However most of North Oxford was built under the controlling influence of St. John's College, the major landowner in the area. Park Town gave St. John's College the idea of turning its 300 acres (approx 121 hectares) of land into a high class residential suburb. A permanent and wealthy institution, St. John's was interested in long-term investment, not quick returns. Thus the college did not sell its land, preferring to develop the suburb on long, usually 99 year, building leases. This gave it greater control over the whole building process and the future use of properties. Land was released gradually so that development began near the city centre and proceeded northwards towards Summertown.
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